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- Name : Cerium
- Symbol : Ce
- Atomic # : 58
- Atom weight: 140.12
- Melting P. : 798
- Boiling P. : 3443
- Oxidation : +3, +4
- Pronounced : SER-i-em
- From : Named for the asteroid, Ceres, discovered just two years
- before the element
- Identified : Jons Jocob Berzelium and Wilhelm Hisinger in 1803
- Appearance : Malleable, ductile, iron-gray metal
- Note : Most abundant of the rare-earth metals
-
- [Properties]
-
- Cerium is a shiny gray, malleable, soft, and ductile metal. It readily
- oxidizes in moist air and decomposes rapidly in hot water. The heat of
- friction caused by scratching a sample of the pure metal can ignite it.
- Cerium is classified as a lanthanide - a member of the series of
- elements from lanthanum (element 57) through lutetium (element 71). Cerium
- is also prominent among the rare-earth elements, which include the
- lanthanide series as well as scandium (element 21) and yttrium (element
- 39).
- There are four allotropes of cerium, alpha through delta. Most of them
- exist at relatively low temperatures:
-
- - Alpha form, below -172 degrees
- - Beta form, between -172 and -16 degrees
- - Gamma form, between -16 and 726 degrees
- - Delta form, above 726 degrees
-
- The gamma form is the one that exists under normal environmental
- conditions.
-